Central periodic breathing during sleep in 74 patients with acute ischemic stroke - Neurogenic and cardiogenic factors

Objectives : The aims of our study were 1) to better characterize central periodic breathing during sleep (CPBS) and its clinical relevance in acute stroke, 2) to better define the role of brain damage in its pathogenesis. Methods : We included 74 consecutive patients admitted within 96 hours after stroke onset. Stroke severity at admission, stroke outcome at discharge and stroke topography were assessed. ECG and transesophageal echocardiography were performed. Nocturnal breathing was assessed with an ambulatory device the first night after admission. CPBS severity was represented as absolute time and percentage of recording time. Results : Age was 63 ± 13 (25-82), 49 (66 %) were male. Thirty (41 %) patients showed CPBS during ≥ 10 % and 7 (9 %) during ≥ 50 % of recording time. CPBS severity was associated with age (p = 0.017), stroke severity (p = 0.008), ECG abnormalities (p = 0.005) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.0001). CPBS severity was higher in patients with extensive hemispheric strokes (n = 6, p < 0.0001), and lower in patients with partial strokes involving the left insula (n = 5, p < 0.0001) and the mesencephalon (n = 5, p = 0.002). Conclusions : CPBS is frequent in acute ischemic stroke and is associated with older age, stroke severity/extension, and lower left ventricular function. The lower occurrence of CPBS in left insular and mesencephalic stroke suggests a major role of distinct brain areas in the modulation of respiratory phenomena accompanying acute strok

Research of Rational Concentration of Oilseed Crops Meals in the Sandy Dough Semi-finished Product

The work studies the rational concentration of meals of soya, sunflower and milk thistle in a sandy dough semi-product for improving healthy properties of ready products (biological value, stomach peristalsis, metabolism, saturation with vitamins and mineral substances). Analytic studies were conducted and advantages of using meals in dough products were determined. The chemical composition of meals was determined, and the optimal composition for satisfying the human need that is in ratio 3:4:3 was calculated. The quality of meals was estimated, and their organoleptic parameters were analyzed. The sensor analysis of sandy semi-products of oilseed crops meals was realized. It was established, that adding of the meal composition instead of flour in amount 20 % is an optimal solution for using in a sandy dough semi-product.There was established the influence of meals of oilseed crops on organoleptic parameters of developed sandy semi-products. Advantages and defects of using the aforesaid meals were established. Ways of improving the outlook and consistence of shortcakes were offered. Ways of further studies were established

The role of vestibular cues in postural sway

Controlling posture requires continuous sensory feedback about body motion and orientation, including from the vestibular organs. Little is known about the role of tilt vs. translation vs. rotation vestibular cues. We examined whether intersubject differences in vestibular function were correlated with intersubject differences in postural control. Vestibular function was assayed using vestibular direction-recognition perceptual thresholds, which determine the smallest motion that can be reliably perceived by a subject seated on a motorized platform in the dark. In study A, we measured thresholds for lateral translation, vertical translation, yaw rotation, and head-centered roll tilts. In study B, we measured thresholds for roll, pitch, and left anterior-right posterior and right anterior-left posterior tilts. Center-of-pressure (CoP) sway was measured in sensory organization tests (study A) and Romberg tests (study B). We found a strong positive relationship between CoP sway and lateral translation thresholds but not CoP sway and other thresholds. This finding suggests that the vestibular encoding of lateral translation may contribute substantially to balance control. Since thresholds assay sensory noise, our results support the hypothesis that vestibular noise contributes to spontaneous postural sway. Specifically, we found that lateral translation thresholds explained more of the variation in postural sway in postural test conditions with altered proprioceptive cues (vs. a solid surface), consistent with postural sway being more dependent on vestibular noise when the vestibular contribution to balance is higher. These results have potential implications for vestibular implants, balance prostheses, and physical therapy exercises.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Vestibular feedback is important for postural control, but little is known about the role of tilt cues vs. translation cues vs. rotation cues. We studied healthy human subjects with no known vestibular pathology or symptoms. Our findings showed that vestibular encoding of lateral translation correlated with medial-lateral postural sway, consistent with lateral translation cues contributing to balance control. This adds support to the hypothesis that vestibular noise contributes to spontaneous postural sway

Topological Defect Densities in Type-I Superconducting Phase Transitions

We examine the consequences of a cubic term addition to the mean-field potential of Ginzburg-Landau theory to describe first order superconductive phase transitions. Constraints on its existence are obtained from experiment, which are used to assess its impact on topological defect creation. We find no fundamental changes in either the Kibble-Zurek or Hindmarsh-Rajantie predictions.Comment: Revtex4, 1 eps figure, 6 pages. Change in title and in sections II and III so to broaden the scope of the paper. Additional author is include

Identification of Microbial and Proteomic Biomarkers in Early Childhood Caries

The purpose of this study was to provide a univariate and multivariate analysis of genomic microbial data and salivary mass-spectrometry proteomic profiles for dental caries outcomes. In order to determine potential useful biomarkers for dental caries, a multivariate classification analysis was employed to build predictive models capable of classifying microbial and salivary sample profiles with generalization performance. We used high-throughput methodologies including multiplexed microbial arrays and SELDI-TOF-MS profiling to characterize the oral flora and salivary proteome in 204 children aged 1–8 years (n = 118 caries-free, n = 86 caries-active). The population received little dental care and was deemed at high risk for childhood caries. Findings of the study indicate that models incorporating both microbial and proteomic data are superior to models of only microbial or salivary data alone. Comparison of results for the combined and independent data suggests that the combination of proteomic and microbial sources is beneficial for the classification accuracy and that combined data lead to improved predictive models for caries-active and caries-free patients. The best predictive model had a 6% test error, >92% sensitivity, and >95% specificity. These findings suggest that further characterization of the oral microflora and the salivary proteome associated with health and caries may provide clinically useful biomarkers to better predict future caries experience

ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СУБМІКРОСКОПІЧНИХ ЗМІН ПАРЕНХІМИ ТИМУСУ ТА КЛУБОВИХ ЛІМФАТИЧНИХ ВУЗЛІВ ПРИ ДОВГОТРИВАЛОМУ ОПІОЇДНОМУ ВПЛИВІ

Summary. Drug addiction is an important medical and social problem that affects the quality, duration, condition and health of a person. However, drugs are used not only by drug addicts, these drugs are widely used in medical practice, so the study of their effects on the human body is of great importance. The aim of the study – to learn and compare submicroscopic changes of lymphocytes in the thymus and iliac lymph nodes with long-term effects on the body of rats nalbuphine. Materials and Methods. A model of physical opioid dependence was created on 52 outbred white male rats according to patent No. 76564 U "Method for modeling physical opioid dependence in rats". Animals were divided into 8 groups, each with 5 animals, which were daily injected intravenously with nalbuphine according to the scheme: group 1 – 5 intact rats, groups 2–7, in which rats were administered the drug (1st week – 8 mg/kg, 2nd week – 15 mg/kg, 3rd week – 20 mg/kg, 4th week –  25 mg/kg, 5th week – 30 mg/kg, 6th week – 35 mg/kg), group 8 – drug withdrawal, control – 12 rats. Iliac lymph nodes and thymus were removed weekly by anesthesia of rats by intraperitoneal anesthesia with sodium thiopental – 25 mg/kg. Sections were made on a UMTP-6M ultramicrotome using a diamond knife (DIATOM) and double-contrast with Reynolds and uranyl acetate was performed. Sections were examined on a TEM-100 electron transmission microscope and photo-documented using a SONY-H9 digital camera. Results. Six-week administration of the drug leads to severe destructive-degenerative changes in the parenchyma of both the thymus and iliac lymph nodes. Most lymphocytes in the parenchyma of both organs have pyknotically altered nuclei, the contours of the nuclear envelope are blurred, in places it is damaged, the nucleus is dominated by condensed chromatin; in some places deep intussusception of the nuclear envelope leads to fragmentation of the nucleus and the formation of osmophilic fragments. Often occur in cells in a state of apoptosis. Intercellular spaces in both organs are expanded, perivascular hypostasis is noted. Withdrawal of nalbuphine does not lead to cell regeneration in the studied organs. Conclusions. Six-week administration of the drug causes profound destructive-degenerative changes in thymic lymphocytes and iliac lymph nodes, indicating the decompensatory processes in the studied organs.Резюме. Важливою медико-соціальною проблемою, яка впливає на якість, тривалість, стан і здоров’я людини, є наркоманія. Проте наркотичні речовини вживають не лише наркозалежні, ці препарати широко застосовуються в медичній практиці, тому дослідження їх впливу на організм людини має велике значення. Мета дослідження – вивчити та порівняти субмікроскопічні зміни лімфоцитів у тимусі та клубових лімфатичних вузлах при довготривалій дії на організм щура налбуфіну. Матеріали і методи. Модель фізичної опіоїдної залежності створювали на 52 безпородних білих щурах-самцях згідно з патентом № 76564 U «Спосіб моделювання фізичної опіоїдної залежності у щурів». Тварин поділили на 8 груп, в кожній по 5 тварин, яким щоденно внутрішньом’язово вводили налбуфін за схемою: перша група – 5 інтактних щурів, друга–сьома групи, в яких щурам вводили препарат (1-й тиждень – 8 мг/кг, 2 тиждень – 15 мг/кг, 3 тиждень – 20 мг/кг, 4 тиждень – 25 мг/кг, 5 тиждень – 30 мг/кг, 6 тиждень – 35 мг/кг),  восьма група – відміна препарату. Контроль – 12 щурів. Клубові лімфатичні вузли та тимус забирали щотижня шляхом знеболювання щурів внутрішньочеревним наркозом тіопенталом натрію – 25 мг/кг. Зрізи виготовляли на ультрамікротомі УМТП-6М за допомогою алмазного ножа (ДІАТОМ) та проводили подвійне контрастування за Рейнольдсом та уранілацетатом. Досліджували зрізи на електронному трансмісійному мікроскопі ТЕМ-100 та фотодокументували їх за допомогою цифрової камери SONY-H9. Результати. Шеститижневе введення препарату призводить до тяжких деструктивно-дегенеративних змін паренхіми як тимусу, так і клубових лімфатичних вузлів. Більшість лімфоцитів у паренхімі обох органів мають пікнотично змінені ядра, контури ядерної оболонки нечіткі, місцями вона ушкоджена, в ядрі переважає конденсований хроматин; подекуди глибока інвагінація ядерної оболонки призводить до фрагментації ядра та утворення осміофільних фрагментів. Часто трапляються у клітині в стані апоптозу. Міжклітинні простори в обох органах розширені, відмічається навколосудинний набряк. Відміна препарату «Налбуфін» не призводить до відновлення клітин у досліджуваних органах. Висновки. Шеститижневе введення препарату викликає глибокі деструктивно-дегенеративні зміни в лімфоцитах тимусу та клубових лімфатичних вузлах, що свідчить про декомпенсаторні процеси у досліджуваних органах